Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD)
X Ray Diffraction (XRD)
![](https://primary.jwwb.nl/public/g/q/o/temp-jdmazppzudxdoiyculag/2kqf5i/pld.png?enable-io=true&enable=upscale&crop=1916%2C1439%2Cx2%2Cy0%2Csafe&width=478&height=359)
![](https://primary.jwwb.nl/public/g/q/o/temp-jdmazppzudxdoiyculag/lhqjf8/xrd.png?enable-io=true&enable=upscale&crop=1916%2C1439%2Cx2%2Cy0%2Csafe&width=478&height=359)
X Ray Reflectivity (XRR)
X Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
![](https://primary.jwwb.nl/public/g/q/o/temp-jdmazppzudxdoiyculag/5senhp/xrr.png?enable-io=true&enable=upscale&crop=1916%2C1439%2Cx2%2Cy0%2Csafe&width=478&height=359)
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
![](https://primary.jwwb.nl/public/g/q/o/temp-jdmazppzudxdoiyculag/iha847/xps.jpg?enable-io=true&enable=upscale&crop=1916%2C1439%2Cx2%2Cy0%2Csafe&width=478&height=359)
Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM)
![](https://primary.jwwb.nl/public/g/q/o/temp-jdmazppzudxdoiyculag/j3avye/afm.jpg?enable-io=true&enable=upscale&crop=1916%2C1439%2Cx2%2Cy0%2Csafe&width=478&height=359)
![](https://primary.jwwb.nl/public/g/q/o/temp-jdmazppzudxdoiyculag/q57cqs/vsm-1.png?enable-io=true&enable=upscale&crop=1916%2C1439%2Cx2%2Cy0%2Csafe&width=478&height=359)
Ferromagnetic Resonance (FMR)
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
![](https://primary.jwwb.nl/public/g/q/o/temp-jdmazppzudxdoiyculag/0vxw54/fmr.jpg?enable-io=true&enable=upscale&crop=585%2C439%2Cx0%2Cy0%2Csafe&width=478&height=359)
![](https://primary.jwwb.nl/public/g/q/o/temp-jdmazppzudxdoiyculag/tempng.png)
Polarised Neutron Reflectometry (PNR)
![](https://primary.jwwb.nl/public/g/q/o/temp-jdmazppzudxdoiyculag/on2nly/pnr.jpg?enable-io=true&enable=upscale&crop=1920%2C2558%2Cx0%2Cy1%2Csafe&width=271&height=361)
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